California's Knife Laws - What You Need to Know (2024)

California’s knife laws can be confusing and sometimes inconsistent. If you plan to own or carry certain types of knives, a better understanding of the laws can help you to avoid the aggravation and cost of a weapons charge.

You should keep in mind, however, that carrying a knife or weapon of any kind increases your likelihood of unpleasant encounters with law enforcement. It is not uncommon for law enforcement officers to incorrectly make weapons-related arrests when a law hasn’t been broken; and even if you are able to avoid a conviction, you are still subject to the hassle of missing work and paying any related fees.

If you have been charged with a knife-related crime, a competent attorney who understands the ins and outs of California’s knife laws can assess your case and find the best defense strategy for you.

Note that this guide covers the State of California’s laws regarding knives. Individual jurisdictions may have more restrictive rules than these, and you should consult your municipality for local restrictions.

Table of Contents

  • What types of knives are legal to carry in California?
    • Switchblades
    • Folding knives
    • Fixed blade knives (dirks and daggers)
  • What types of knives are illegal to carry in California?
  • Specific codes and restrictions
    • Knives in public buildings – penal code 171b PC
    • Restrictions on knives in California schools
  • Switchblades on federal property
  • California knife laws, offenses, and penalties
    • Concealed dirk and dagger laws
    • Restricted knife laws
    • Brandishing a weapon
    • Assault with a deadly weapon
    • Sentencing enhancement for use of a deadly weapon
  • Legal defenses for knife charges

What types of knives are legal to carry in California?

There are two important factors when it comes to possessing and carrying knives in California: (1) whether the type of knife is legal or restricted and (2) the open carry law. In California, it is legal to buy, own, transport, and carry any knife that is not restricted.

The three most common types of knives — switchblades, folding knives, and fixed blade knives (also known as dirks and daggers) — have certain rules surrounding them and are explained in more detail below. The open carry law states that the hilt or handle of a knife cannot be hidden (or concealed), even by clothing or the knife’s sheath. This law exists as a way to ensure that anyone around the person carrying the knife can clearly see it in order to prevent surprise attacks.

Switchblades

A switchblade (which may be known by many other names including a “pushbutton knife” or “ejector knife”) has a blade which is contained within the handle and is opened automatically by a spring by pushing a button or switch on the handle. Switchblades with blades longer than 2” are illegal to carry in California.

Folding knives

Folding knives are knives that are opened by applying pressure to the blade(s) of the knife and have a mechanism that provides resistance in opening the blade. This includes a “pocketknife” or “Swiss army knife,” box cutter, or “utility knife.” According to California Penal Code Section 17235, all folding knives are legal in the state and may be concealed as long as they are in the folded position. There is also no restriction on the blade length of a folding knife.

Fixed blade knives (dirks and daggers)

A fixed blade knife is one without a folding mechanism. A kitchen knife is a common example. Ice picks and other objects may also be included in this category. In terms of California law, the words “dirk” and “dagger” mean the same thing: a knife that can be readily used as a stabbing weapon. In California, Dirks and daggers and other sheath knives must be carried openly and cannot be concealed.

What types of knives are illegal to carry in California?

In California, certain knives are illegal to carry, particularly if they are misleading or undetectable. In general, knives that are illegal are those which are most commonly used to commit crimes and do not have an obvious use as a tool or look like knives.

Knives that are illegal to possess in California include:

  • Cane knives
  • Air gauge knives
  • Lipstick knives
  • Bet buckle knives
  • Writing pen knives
  • Switchblades with a blade longer than 2”
  • Ballistic knives

It is not illegal to carry dirks and daggers as long as they are carried openly. Although they may not be carried in a briefcase, purse, or other container, they may be carried openly in a sheath worn on the waist.

Specific codes and restrictions

In addition to laws pertaining to certain kinds of knives, there are also specific restrictions on carrying knives into public buildings, properties owned by the US government, and schools.

Knives in public buildings – penal code 171b PC

According to Penal Code 171b, certain knives are illegal to have in your possession when you are in a state or local public building. These illegal knives are:

  • Switchblades
  • A fixed blade knife with a blade longer than 4”
  • Any knife restricted in the state of California (listed above)

Restrictions on knives in California schools

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Under Penal Code 626.10(a)(1) and (2), it is illegal to have certain knives in your possession on the following California school premises:

  • California State University
  • University of California
  • Any private university
  • California Community Colleges
  • Any school that instructs grades K-12

Knives that are prohibited on these premises are:

  • Dirks and daggers
  • Knives with blades longer than 2 ½”
  • Folding knives with locking blades
  • Ice picks
  • Razors with unguarded blades
  • Razor blades or box cutters

Possession of any of these restricted knives on the above listed school grounds may result in a misdemeanor or felony charge and 1-3 years in a county jail. Charges and penalties for knife-related crimes are discussed in more detail below.

Switchblades on federal property

Whereas most of the crimes committed in the state of California are punished under California law, crimes committed on federal properties are punished under federal law. The federal switchblade law—15 USC 1241-44—makes it illegal to possess a switchblade on federal lands or properties or to transport a switchblade in interstate commerce. Exceptions to this law are made for active duty members of the armed forces or persons with only one arm carrying a switchblade with a blade that is 3 inches or shorter in length.

California knife laws, offenses, and penalties

Violation of California’s knife carrying laws may result in misdemeanor or felony charges and, if convicted, may result in 1-3 years in a county jail or state prison. If you use a knife as a weapon, you may be sentenced to more jail time in addition to the time served for illegally carrying a knife. Laws and penalties vary depending on the type of knife, whether or not it is restricted, and whether or not it is legal to conceal it.

Concealed dirk and dagger laws

Penal Code 21310 makes it illegal to carry a concealed dirk or dagger, including knives concealed by clothing (e.g. tucked into a waistband). In California, carrying a concealed dirk or dagger is a “wobbler” offense. A wobbler offense is one that the prosecutor can decide to charge as either a misdemeanor or a felony.

Potential penalties for carrying a concealed dirk of dagger include:

  • Up to 1 year in county jail and/or up to a $1,000 fine for a misdemeanor
  • 16 months to 3 years in county jail and/or up to a $10,000 fine for a felony

Restricted knife laws

Under California Penal Code 21510, possession of a switchblade is a misdemeanor and its penalties are up to 6 months in county jail and/or up to a $1,000 fine. Penalties may vary for the possession of other restricted knives. Some other possible charges and penalties include:

  • Possession, sale, manufacture, or import of an undetectable knife: up to 1 year in county jail and/or a fine up to $1,000
  • Possession, sale, manufacture, or import of another type of prohibited knife (a wobbler charge): up to 1 year in county jail and/or up to a $1,000 fine for a misdemeanor; 16 months to 3 years in county jail and/or up to a $10,000 fine.

Brandishing a weapon

California Penal Code 417, otherwise known as the “brandishing a weapon” law makes it illegal to brandish a knife in a manner that is threatening, angry, or aggressive, or to brandish a knife during a fight. Brandishing a knife is an additional charge that could be added to other knife-related offenses. A charge of brandishing a weapon could add additional penalties ranging from 30 days in county jail to 3 years in California state prison.

Assault with a deadly weapon

California Penal Code 245(a)(1), otherwise known as the “assault with a deadly weapon” law denotes an offense that may be added to other knife-related offenses. ADW means that an assault was committed with a deadly weapon or some other means of deadly force. Assault with a deadly weapon is a wobbler offense with a maximum sentence of 4 years in California state prison for a felony conviction.

Sentencing enhancement for use of a deadly weapon

Penal Code 12022 PC states that you may receive a sentencing enhancement of 1 year in state prison in addition to the penalty you are sentenced to for illegal possession of a knife. This sentencing enhancement cannot be added to penalties for brandishing a weapon or assault with a deadly weapon.

Legal defenses for knife charges

If you are charged with a violation of California knife laws, there are many possible strategies that your attorney may use in your defense. Some of these strategies include:

  • Your knife is not in violation of concealed carry or restriction laws: If the knife that you are carrying does not meet all of the criteria in the definition of that knife, then you cannot be convicted of violating that knife law. For example, the definition of a switchblade specifies that the blade must be at least 2” long. If the blade of your knife is less than 2” long, you cannot be convicted with carrying a switchblade.
  • Unknowingly carrying a prohibited knife: In order to secure a conviction of a knife-related charge, the prosecutor must prove that you (1) were aware that you were in possession of the knife and (2) knew that the knife was prohibited. If either of these two factors did not apply to you, you may not be convicted of carrying a restricted knife.
  • Open carry: If you are charged with carrying a dirk or dagger but you were lawfully carrying the knife openly, you may not be convicted of carrying a concealed dirk or dagger.
  • Illegal search: If a law enforcement officer discovered the knife in your possession as a result of illegal search.
  • Police misconduct: If you were arrested or gave a confession as a result of police misconduct.

If you have been charged with violating California knife laws, your best defense is a qualified, competent attorney. California’s knife laws can be confusing and difficult to navigate on your own. As a California defense attorney with over 30 years of experience, I understand the details of California’s knife laws and can develop the best defense strategy for your case. Contact my firm today!

What types of knives are illegal to carry in California?

In California, certain knives are illegal to carry, particularly if they are misleading or undetectable. In general, knives that are illegal are those which are most commonly used to commit crimes and do not have an obvious use as a tool or look like knives.

California's Knife Laws - What You Need to Know (2024)

FAQs

What are the knife rules in California? ›

A. In the State of California, there is no maximum length for knives in general. However, the maximum legal length for a switchblade knife is 2 inches. Additionally, it is illegal to carry daggers or dirks concealed, and also illegal to carry many types of knives which are designed for concealment.

What kind of knife can I carry in California? ›

This includes a “pocketknife” or “Swiss army knife,” box cutter, or “utility knife.” According to California Penal Code Section 17235, all folding knives are legal in the state and may be concealed as long as they are in the folded position. There is also no restriction on the blade length of a folding knife.

What is the legal limit for knives in California? ›

Fixed-blade knives with blades of two-and-a-half inches or longer are illegal on college/university/school premises. And any knife with a blade longer than four inches is illegal in a public building. Otherwise, California law has no laws regulating the maximum lengths of knives.

Can a 14 year old carry a pocket knife in California? ›

It is currently legal for a minor to carry a knife in California as long as that knife complies with other state laws. No part of the California Penal Code explicitly prohibits minors (persons under the age of 18) from carrying a knife.

What makes a pocket knife illegal in California? ›

Knives that are illegal to possess in California include ballistic knives, cane knives, air gauge knives, lipstick knives, belt buckle knives, writing pen knives, switchblades with a blade of two inches or longer, and undetectable knives made from materials that cannot be detected by metal detectors.

Can you wear a knife on your belt in California? ›

A California statute, § 20200 provides: A knife carried in a sheath that is worn openly suspended from the waist of the wearer is not concealed within the meaning of Section 16140, 16340, 17350, or 21310. Penal code § 20200 does not prescribe the exclusive method of open carry compliance.

Can you carry a 4 inch pocket knife in California? ›

Sale or possession of a disguised blade is illegal. It is illegal to carry any knife that has a blade that is 2 inches or longer on school grounds. Possession of a fixed-blade knife with a blade longer than 2 ½ inches on any college or university grounds is illegal.

Can you open carry on blm land in California? ›

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

Licensed concealed carry is legal generally on BLM land. Unlicensed concealed carry may be legal in your campsite. Loaded and unloaded open carry are illegal in "prohibited areas" including the campground. Loaded and unloaded open carry is legal in "prohibited areas" in your campsite.

Can you open carry in California? ›

California generally prohibits people from openly carrying loaded firearms (both handguns and long guns) in public,1 with a narrow exception for residents of smaller counties: under California law, the sheriff of any county with a population under 200,000 people, or the chief of police of a city within that county, may ...

What is a Dirk knife? ›

A dirk or dagger is a knife or other instrument with or without a handguard that is capable of ready use as a stabbing weapon that may inflict great bodily injury or death. Most pocketknives and folding knives are not considered to be dirks or daggers unless the blade of the knife is exposed and locked into position.

Can a 17 year old buy a pocket knife in California? ›

Age Restrictions for Knife Ownership in California

In California, the minimum age requirement for purchasing and carrying a knife is 18 years old. This applies to all types of knives, including folding pocket knives, fixed-blade knives, and balisong (butterfly) knives.

Can I carry a knife in my car in California? ›

A: In California, you can legally purchase, own, transport, and carry any knife that is not restricted under the law. California's open carry law states that the hilt or handle of a knife can't be hidden or concealed. This includes if the hilt is hidden underneath clothing or in the blade's sheath.

Are butterfly knives illegal in CA? ›

In California, butterfly knives are prohibited. Under California Penal Code 21510 PC, butterfly knives are classified as a form of switchblade. Carrying, possessing in public, selling, or otherwise transferring a butterfly knife is illegal under this legislation.

Can you defend yourself with a knife in California? ›

And it is legal for people to defend themselves with a pocket knife as long as they act reasonably. California law permits the use of force in self-defense or defense of others when the victim reasonably believes he/she or others are in imminent danger of physical harm, and that force is required to deflect the danger.

Can you bring a knife to school in California? ›

California Penal Code § 626.10 PC makes it a crime to bring dangerous weapons onto school grounds, including K-12 schools and any private or public university or college. The offense is a wobbler that can be charged as a misdemeanor or a felony.

Can I carry a sword in California? ›

Possession of a cane sword could lead to criminal charges. Penal Code 20150 PC makes it a crime to possess, manufacture, sell, or give away a cane sword. Cane swords are illegal in California under Penal Code 20510 PC, which states that it is a criminal offense to manufacture, sell, import, give, or possess them.

Is hollow point ammo legal in California? ›

Yes, hollow-spot spheres are legal in the United States. A civilian can possess hollow-point bullets in any state except New Jersey.

Why are gravity knives illegal? ›

A knife is not illegal because it is designed to open by the force of gravity and lock into place; the knife is illegal when it actually does open by the force of gravity and locks into place by means of a procedure used by the District Attorney's office to identify a gravity knife, called the “wrist flick test.”

Are spring loaded knives illegal in California? ›

A spring assisted knife is legal in California as long as it “opens with one hand utilizing thumb pressure applied solely to the blade of the knife or a thumb stud attached to the blade, provided that the knife has a detent or other mechanism that provides resistance that must be overcome in opening the blade, or that ...

Can a felon carry a pocket knife in California? ›

A felon on PRCS or parole statutorily can't have a knife with a blade length over 2” without written permission from their PO, and only for work purposes or kitchen knives used to eat. A felon on probation might have a condition prohibiting the possession of any knife.

Is California stand your ground? ›

California Law

Though California does not have a stand your ground statute, the state appellate cases have held that there is no duty to retreat before using force in public.

Can I open carry in my front yard in California? ›

Last updated January 5, 2023 . A U.S. citizen or legal resident over age 18 may generally carry a handgun anywhere within his or her place of residence, place of business, or on private property owned or lawfully possessed by the citizen or legal resident.

How much ammo can you own in California? ›

There are no restrictions on the quantity (how much) ammunition you can buy or what caliber (what you buy does not have to match the caliber of any gun you have registered). This does not apply to reloading supplies; powder, bullets, primers, cases, etc.

Can I carry a gun hiking in California? ›

In California, you cannot transport a loaded firearm in a vehicle, and you cannot have a loaded firearm on private property unless you have permission. You can only possess a loaded firearm while you are pursuing your wildlife, and only when you are on property in which you are permitted.

Can you closed carry in California? ›

May I carry a concealed firearm in California? Generally you may not carry a concealed firearm on your person in public unless you have a valid Carry Concealed Weapon (CCW) license.

Can I carry an unloaded gun in my backpack in California? ›

Under California Penal Code §26350, carrying an unloaded handgun is also a crime. This includes carrying an exposed and unloaded handgun in any public place or on a public street.

What is a SEAX knife? ›

'Seax' is the generic Old English word for knife, but is used by archaeologists to describe the larger iron single-edged knives which first appear in Anglo-Saxon graves of the seventh century.

What is a CIA knife? ›

These knives are made of a super strong nylon composite that is almost as hard as steel. They can be driven through plywood like a nail. They are completely undetectable when passing through metal detectors.

What is a stag knife? ›

Silver Stag knives is a line of hunting knives and swords, made in the USA, that feature stainless steel, high carbon tool steel, or Damascus blades; paired with shed antler handles.

Why are switchblades illegal in CA? ›

Because of how easily they can be concealed, switchblade knives are considered to be highly effective weapons. As a result, carrying a switchblade on one's person or in one's vehicle or offering to sell or provide a switchblade to another person is a criminal offense under California Penal Code Section 21510 PC.

Are stiletto knives illegal? ›

Remember though, the stiletto is only banned or restricted in 16 states and is legal in states from coast to coast, between the borders, and even in Alaska. It's just important to check your local knife laws to make sure they are allowed to be owned and carried.

How big of a knife can you carry? ›

It is an offence to carry any sharp or bladed instrument in a public place, with the exception of a folding pocket knife where the cutting edge of the blade is 7.62 cm (3 inches) or less.

Are Slim Jims illegal in California? ›

According to California Penal Code 466, anyone who keeps certain tools in their possession with the intent to enter a property, and without authorization to enter is guilty of this crime. There are 15 tools outlined in this code, and some of them include crowbars, picklocks, slim jims, master keys and more.

Are brass knuckles illegal in California? ›

Brass knuckles are prohibited in California under the state's statute on generally prohibited weapons. This statute can be found in the California Penal Code 16590 PC.

Is it legal to carry a Taser in California? ›

California Penal Code 22610 PC states in part: “anyone may purchase, possess, or use a stun gun, subject to the following requirements: (a) Nobody convicted of a felony or any crime involving an assault, or convicted of misuse of a stun gun under Section 244.5, shall purchase, possess, or use any stun gun.

What happens if you use a knife in self-defense? ›

Some people who are not willing to carry a gun will carry a knife thinking it a less legally-serious option. While it may fit different carry laws, using a knife in self-defense is still generally considered lethal force in the same way deploying a firearm is considered lethal force.

Is there a right way to hold a knife in a fight? ›

Knife fighting means keeping your knife in your hand. Your non-dominant arm protects the neck, head, and ribs. You hold the knife like a hammer with your fingers wrapped around the hilt.

Is it worth carrying a knife for self-defense? ›

For some, a knife offers all the self-defense they need. With the many options available, a knife can prove the perfect weapon for self-protection. In many cases, a folding knife is the choice because of easier concealment. However, with just a little effort, a fixed blade knife also can prove effective.

What size knife is legal to carry in the US? ›

Knife blades cannot be longer than 5.5 inches. Certain types of knives, such as switchblades, spring-loaded knives, swords, spears, and daggers are also outlawed.

Can you conceal carry a knife in California? ›

Under California Penal Code Section 17235, all folding knives are legal in the state and can be concealed if they are in the folded position. There is no restriction on the blade length when it comes to owning or possessing a folding knife.

How long can you go to jail for pulling a knife on someone? ›

The maximum sentence for carrying a knife illegally is four years in prison and an unlimited fine. If you injure someone or use a knife to commit a crime, the penalties could increase.

Can you go to jail for carrying a knife? ›

The maximum sentence for illegally carrying a knife is 4 years in prison and an unlimited fine. The penalties are higher if you injure someone or use a knife to commit a crime. There is a mandatory minimum sentence of six months custody for offenders who use any type of weapon to threaten.

Are butterfly knives illegal in California? ›

In California, butterfly knives are prohibited. Under California Penal Code 21510 PC, butterfly knives are classified as a form of switchblade. Carrying, possessing in public, selling, or otherwise transferring a butterfly knife is illegal under this legislation.

Are flipper knives legal? ›

Although they are often confused with switchblades, assisted-opening knives differ from switchblades in many ways. One of the ways the two knives differ is that while switchblades are prohibited, assisted-opening knives are perfectly legal.

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