There are different levels of security in the browser that are worth considering. To review security settings, click on the onion logo in the top left and select "Security Settings", which will bring up a slider offering a choice of the default of standard, or safer and safest. In "safer" mode, JavaScript is disabled on HTTP sites, some fonts are disabled, and all audio and video won't run automatically, you'll have to click to play. Slide up to the "safest" level, and as well as those settings, JavaScript is disabled on all sites.
Once you've downloaded and installed the Tor browser, you can browse just as you would your usual browser, but Muffett offers a caveat to avoid unencrypted sites — those with only "http" in the URL rather than "HTTPS". He notes: "This is because plain old HTTP traffic can be tampered with." Handily, the Tor Browser comes with the HTTPS Everywhere add-on installed by default, which forces a site to serve the secure version if one is available.
How to access the dark web using Tor
Using the Tor browser is simple, but knowing when to fire it up is more complicated. You could do all your browsing with Tor, though it's slower than a standard browser, something the Tor Project is working hard at to improve, says Stephanie Whited, communications director for the Tor Project. Another challenge is CAPTCHAs; because Tor behaves differently than other browsers, it's more likely to trigger the bot-hunting system, so be prepared to face more of them than usual.
Whited's rule of thumb is to use the Tor Browser instead of Private Browsing Mode or Incognito Mode. "Contrary to what most people think, these modes do not actually protect your privacy," she says. "They do not curtail the collection of your online activity by your ISP, advertisers, and trackers. They don’t prevent someone monitoring your network from seeing what websites you’re visiting. Tor Browser does."
With any security and privacy issue, it's about your threat model, which is simply what attacks or invasions you're actually worried about. "When you want to visit a site and for nobody in-between you and the site to know that you are visiting it," says Muffett, about when to use the Tor Browser. "Sure, most people think 'p*rn' when someone says that, but it also applies to getting some privacy when you want not to be immediately traceable: sexual health, birth control questions, foreign news, personal identity questions."
But there's more to Tor than being nearly anonymous online. "The big win of Tor for me is access — with a sprinkling of anonymity, to be sure — but that I can be stuck behind some hotel firewall, in some airport or restaurant lounge, or in a sketchy cafe is a sketchy country," Muffett says. "And if I use Tor then I have a good degree of certainty that at least the local weirdos are not looking over my digital shoulder at what I am browsing — and that when I kill my browser (unless I've bookmarked something, or saved a file) then all the data is properly cleaned-up and wiped."
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